Государство платона 7 книга: Книга: "Государство" - Платон. Купить книгу, читать рецензии

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Миф о пещере — знаменитая аллегория, использованная Платоном в 7 книге диалога «Государство» | Сочинения Философия

Скачай Миф о пещере — знаменитая аллегория, использованная Платоном в 7 книге диалога «Государство» и еще Сочинения в формате PDF Философия только на Docsity! Philosophy is one of the most important sciences in the history of the development of human civilization. It was philosophy that united in its framework those characteristic features that distinguished man from the animal world and allowed him to form civilization and culture, determine what is the meaning of human life, what is the purpose of man, what laws determine being. In seeking answers to these questions, philosophy has created science, culture, and even politics. The philosophy of Plato is of particular importance in the development of world philosophy, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the theory of ideas of Plato (eidos), which had the most significant impact on all philosophical thought. The importance of the philosophy of Plato’s ideas is also confirmed by several factors. First of all, this is confirmed by the fact that the ideas of Plato were of fundamental importance for the development of Western philosophy, both in the ancient and Christian periods of its development. It was the theory of Plato’s ideas that had the greatest influence on the subsequent historical epochs of the development of Western civilization, as well as on Christian theological and philosophical thought. In addition, criticism of Plato’s theory of ideas was the basis of Aristotle’s philosophical study (who was the number one philosopher in the Middle Ages), and the adoption of its basic principles was characteristic of early Islamic civilization. Considering the features of the theory of ideas of Plato, we can conclude that its central element is the Platonic «Cave Myth» from the dialogue «State», as the basis of his theory of inferiority and incomplete independence of the real and perceived world. person. From this point of view, the “cave myth” was the result of combining in the worldview of Plato the idea of a large number of ancient philosophers of the pre-Socratic period of Greek philosophy. Most obvious message underlying the “cave myth” and Plato’s theory of ideas is the argument that sensory knowledge of the world shows a person only a distorted picture of reality, creates a vision of the shadow of the real world in front of him, and does not reflect this world in his real the light. To overcome this false vision of the world, according to Plato, a person needs to get experience that goes beyond sensuality, he needs to make considerable efforts to understand the essence of things, it is necessary to combine sensory experience with a rational understanding of the real World. The second important message of the Cave Myth is the political idea that the state is a fetter for man, but at the same time, the state, under the guidance of a wise ruler, the Platonic ideal, can become a tool for liberating man. This judgment is revealed in that part of the “Cave Myth”, where Plato says that “the environment bound in eternal fetters will consider that the freedom of the prisoner freed from

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